Jos de Mul. Database Identity. Invited lecture at the Herrenhausen conference Society through the Lens of the Digital. Hannover, May 31-June 2, 2017.

New information and communication technologies are changing the very nature of human identity. In my talk, I will argue that they facilitate a change from narrative to a database identity. Narrative identity is what has traditionally defined people. A narrative identity can be complex, multilayered and dynamic, but it is strung out over a spatio-temporal continuum and has a certain logic and coherence through time. It forms a tissue of stories that makes a person, defining who she is. This narrative identity is being giving way, increasingly, to a database identity. With a database identity a person’s experience, qualities and characteristics all become entries in a database. These can be called up, assembled and re-assembled in never-ending set of combinations. Database identity is a post-modernization of identity. It is a playful pastiche of qualities and characteristics, decoupled from their context of origin and from their role in a person’s history.

Jos de Mul. Wat is Data? Virtuele lezing op de Eerste Nederlandse Datafestatie. Amsterdam, 20 december 2016.

datum: 20 december
tijd: 18.00 – 20.00 uur
RSVP: Dit e-mailadres wordt beveiligd tegen spambots. JavaScript dient ingeschakeld te zijn om het te bekijken.

Het verschijnen van de beeldcultuurkrant ‘Van Dada naar Data’ wordt gevierd met de eerste Nederlandse Datafestatie, op 20 december in Felix Meritis te Amsterdam. Het evenement biedt een vrolijk podium aan dataïsten van uiteenlopend allooi – kunstenaars, wetenschappers, robots, reclamemakers, filosofen, bloggers – in een bonte mengeling van muziek, talkshow, hagepreek en bewegend behang.

Honderd jaar geleden ontstond Dada, de non-beweging die zich in een tijdperk van grote spanningen verzette tegen nationalisme en burgerlijkheid in kunst en samenleving. De komst van nieuwe technologie heeft er toe bijgedragen dat we opnieuw een periode van onbestendigheid beleven. Een zee van ‘big data’ vraagt om nieuwe verbindingen en het opgeven van oude zekerheden. Fuseert de mens met de systemen? Blijft zij de belangrijkste soort op aarde? Hebben traditionele politieke opvattingen en kunstdisciplines nog iets bij te dragen aan de komende omwenteling?

De eerste Datafestatie geeft voorlopig nog het woord, en het beeld, aan makers en denkers met een eigen stijl, een eigen taal en autonome ideeën waarmee ze zich verhouden tot de netwerken om zich heen. Ze tonen de verbindingen en de clashes, de orde en de chaos, het komische en het tragische van de nieuwe wereld waarin alles data is, en data alles.

Met medewerking van onder anderen: Sebastian Olma, Janneke Stegeman, Roel Roscam Abbing & Dennis de Bel, Elize de Mul, Erik Bindervoet, Oscar Jan Hoogland, Theo van Doesburg, Ruben Pater, Geert Lovink, Stefan Schafer, Antoinette Hoes, Ramin Bahari, Jonas Lund, Czeslaw de Wijs, Ruben Jacobs, Urland, Rosa Menkman, Teyosh, Nadine Roestenburg, Michael Mandiberg, Aynouk Tan. Volg voor de virtuele bijdrage van Jos de Mul de volgende link: Wat is Data? (and for the English version:  What is Data?).

De Datafestatie is een project van MOTI, Museum of the Image, Felix Meritis, Avans Hogeschool, ’t Barre Land en The Image Society en werd mede mogelijk gemaakt door de Gemeente Breda, het Stimuleringsfonds Creatieve Industrie en de Bankgiro Loterij.

Idee en productie: Mieke Gerritzen, Ward Janssen, Czeslaw de Wijs, Hans Maarten van den Brink.

Felix Meritis – Keizersgracht 324 Amsterdam
20 december 18.00 – 20.00 uur. Toegang gratis. RSVP: Dit e-mailadres wordt beveiligd tegen spambots. JavaScript dient ingeschakeld te zijn om het te bekijken.

Jos de Mul. Théo van Doesburg 2.0. What is Data? In: Mieke Gerritzen et al. From Dada to Data. Breda: Museum of the Image (MOTI), 2016, 23.

théo van doesburg 2.0: What is Data? (Publisher: “No Style” The Hague, 2023).

You will probably be surprised to be hearing something about Data from someone who is innocent of Dataism, from a non- Dataist

Data: the terror of the stock market gurus, of the privacy seeker, the designer, the cultural entrepreneur, the Gutmensch — of everybody?

A subject such as this is perhaps least suitable for a serious lecture, which is not at all what I have in mind.

I will be satisfied if, as an obligation to friends, I can illuminate the Dataistic attitude to life. This seems to me especially important in a country that has been hermetically sealed against any new expression of life since the 60s.

It would indeed be pretentious if I was under the impression that I could make the mystery of Data intellectually intelligible.

Jos de Mul. The Wikipedia Religion: A Sinner’s Account. Invited lecture at the conference Technology and Transcendence. Enschede: University of Twente / NWO, November 18, 2016.

Let me begin with a confession. I’m a sinner, too. According to Michael Gorman, former president of the American Library Association, “A professor who encourages the use of Wikipedia is the intellectual equivalent of a dietician who recommends a steady diet of Big Macs with everything” (quoted in Reagle, 2010b, p. 138). To make my case worse, I not only encourage my students to use Wikipedia, but I’m also guilty of using Wikipedia myself quite frequently. However, I immediately like to add that I hardly ever eat Big Macs, and almost ever read and discuss primary texts and reliable secondary literature with my students.  

So why do I sin? Well, probably the most obvious reason is the overwhelming amount of information to be found on Wikipedia. The English version alone already has reached 5,285,797 articles yesterday, and if we include the number of articles written in the 287 Wikipedia’s in other lanuages, the number exceeds 40 million. Moreover, no other encyclopedia is so up to date (the fact that I know that the English version of Wikipedia reached exactly 5,285,797  million yesterday, was because the Wikipedia lemma on Wikipedia has been updated three days ago). No wonder that I’m not the only sinner: as of February 2014, Wikipedia has 18 billion page views and nearly 500 million unique visitors each month! A second reason I love Wikipedia is the free-access and free-content character of this encyclopedia, offering – worldwide - millions of people, many of them deprived of books and libraries, a wealth of information, knowledge, and sometimes even wisdom.

It seems that Wikipedia even has a divine ring. It promises to provide us with an omniscience that once was attributed to God. Together with technologies like telepresence and virtual reality – which express the human desire to obtain two other divine qualities: omnipresence and omnipotence – Wikipedia promises to guide us right through “the pearly gates of cyberspace”.

Denis Noble and Jos de Mul. The self as agent and process: a view from the systems approach. Dialogue at the conference What is it to be human? Utrecht, April 20.

Jos de Mul. The Turing Test in recent science fiction films. A philosophical analysis against the background of the Turing-Wittgenstein Debate. Invited lecture. Kyoto: Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, June 21, 2016.

The British mathematician, computer scientist and philosopher Alan Turing (1912 -1954) is not only the inventor of the programmable computer, but also one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence. He also invented the imitation game, a test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. This so-called Turing test plays a prominent role in several recent science fiction movies, such as Her (2013), Ex machina(2015), and Uncanny (2015). Against the background of the Turing-Wittgenstein debate on the possibility of thinking machines (1938), I will discuss what these movies tell us about the present prospects with regard to humanoid AI and robot systems.

Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories were founded to encourage and promote studies based on original and unique ideas from Hiroshi Ishiguro, ATR Fellow, who has remarkable achievements on robotics. We have explored new information media based on humanlike robots that harmonize humans with information-environment beyond existing personal computers, while inquiring the question "what is the essence of human beings?"

Erica is an android developed as a research platform for the autonomous conversational robot. We are developing total technology to enable Erica to have natural interaction with persons by integrating various technologies such as voice recognition, human tracking, and natural motion generation. It has nineteen degrees of freedom for face, neck, shoulder, and waist, and can express various facial expressions and some gestural motions. Its appearance is designed for beautiful and neutral female face, by which people can familiarly interact with it. It speaks in synthesized voice. 

Watch movie  Read the article in the International New York Times

The Modular Body is an online science fiction story about the creation of OSCAR, a living organism built from human cells. The protagonist is Cornelis Vlasman, a versatile biologist for whom the path well-travelled is the most uninteresting one by definition. Together with a few like-minded people he therefore starts an independent laboratory in which he experiments with organic materials, on his own initiative, with his own resources and his own team.

After many years of hard work, Vlasman’s team succeeds in creating new life from cells taken from his own body. Under his supervision the world’s first living organism is built: OSCAR.

OSCAR is a prototype (the size of a human hand) consisting of clickable organ modules grown from human cells.

What makes OSCAR special is the thought process preceding the organism, which comes down to this: (human) life can be regarded as a closed system but when it is approached as a modular system this may lead to innovative applications and solutions.

In a closed system the parts are designed in such a way that they can only function in one specific configuration, which makes repairs and adaptations very complex. An example of such a closed system is the first Apple Macintosh from 1988.

In a modular system, independent modules – similar to building blocks – make up a transformable and therefore flexible configuration. In 2013, Dave Hakkens produced a Modular Phone that consists of separate parts that can be individually replaced and improved.

With the organism OSCAR Vlasman demonstrates that it is possible to create modular life. Stem cells can be reprogrammed, grown and printed as any type of human tissue. The line separating humans from machines is gradually becoming thinner.

The OSCAR prototype opens up possibilities for the human body, for example when it comes to replacing or improving worn out organs in a possibly ‘clickable’ system. Think of Lego as a metaphor.

In biotechnology many experiments are conducted nowadays with printed organs, regenerated tissue and synthetic blood. Organovo, one of the world’s largest biotech companies, expects to be able to print a functional liver by 2014. Taking the entire human body as a possibly modular system is not (or not yet) possible.

Vlasman develops the OSCAR organism – made up from ‘blocks’ – in his lab. This independent and somewhat obscure laboratory is run by a group of people with various expertise: IT specialists, biologists and designers, working with handmade and sometimes second-hand equipment. They operate outside of official channels, thereby avoiding moratoria, scientific protocols or objections of ethical committees, which perhaps enables them to arrive at this seminal breakthrough.

The primitive, vulnerable organism that finally results from Vlasman’s endeavours is kept alive with blood taken from Vlasman and is continually vaccinated against infections, as it has no immune system. The story refers to various similar narratives in world literature and film history, notably Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein.

Jos de Mul. Noble versus Dawkins. DNA Is not the program of the concert of life. Translation of Dutch review, published in the weekly Vrij Nederland

Forty years ago Richard Dawkins’ book The Selfish Gene launched Neo-Darwinism to the general public. It is still as controversial as it was then. Philosopher Jos de Mul examines the case of Dawkins' biggest critic: Denis Noble.

Text: Jos de Mul

Illustration: Siegfried Woldhek

It is forty years since the publication of Richard Dawkins' book The Selfish Gene, published in Dutch as De zelfzuchtige genen. Over evolutie, agressie en eigenbelang. This text of 'orthodox neo-Darwinism’ (Dawkins' own words) sold 1 million copies in more than 25 languages. Probably since Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859) no other biology book has had such a huge influence both on general public understanding of what it is to be human, and on scientific research, not only in the life sciences, but also in the social sciences and humanities. It is a particularly radical book which with its brilliantly worded message - that organisms are not much more than temporary vehicles for their immortal genes – expresses a reductionist, dramatically deterministic and ultimately nihilistic image of humanity.

Jos de Mul, Michel Houellebecq’s tragic humanism. Invited lecture in the series Personhood, Law & Literature III organized by the Human Philosophy Project (Warsaw University & Oxford University). Institute of Philosophy, University of Warsaw. Room 4, roundfloor. April 7, 2016, 5-8 PM.

Various authors, including Friedrich Nietzsche and George Steiner, have argued that the tragic worldview, as we find it expressed in Greek tragedy, has become an entirely incomprehensible phenomenon for (post)modern man. The claim defended in this article radically opposes this view. It is argued that tragedy can still teach us something today, and maybe even more so now than in the many intervening centuries that separate us from her days of glory in the fifth century bce. The tragic reveals itself once more in (post)modern society, and nowhere more clearly than in technology, the domain in which we believed the tragic had been domesticated or even eliminated. Referring to the tragic humanism in Michel Houellebecq’s novels The Elementary Particles and The Possibility of an Island it is argued that it is precisely in (post)modern (bio)technologies that we experience the rebirth of the tragic.

Jos de Mul, Playful Identities. From narrative to ludic identity formation. (Invited) Public lecture at the Institute of Philosophy, University of Warsaw. Room 4, groundfloor. April 5, 2016, 6:30-8:00 PM.

Digital media technologies increasingly shape how people relate to the world, to other people and to themselves. This prompts questions about present-day mediations of identity. This lecture explores the notion of play as a heuristic lens to look at changing media practices and identity construction. Playful media culture is analyzed far beyond its apparent manifestation in computer games. The central argument of the lecture is that play and games nowadays are not only appropriate metaphors to capture post-modern human identities, but also the very means by which people reflexively construct their identity.