Jos de Mul. From mythology to technology and back. Fourfold Hermeneutics. De Mul on Prooi on Kiyozawa on Epictetus. March 28, Online workshop. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. 5.30 PM Hong Kong time. 

Jos de Mul. From mythology to technology and back. Human‐animal combinations in the era of digital recombinability. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, March 28, Online lecture, 4PM Hong Kong time. 

In Greek mythology, we come across wonderful human-animal combinations: the Centaur, the creature with the upper body of a human and the lower body and legs of a horse; Medusa, the woman with eyes of stone, from whose head snakes grow instead of hair; Chimaera, the monster with the head of a lion, the body of a goat and a snake for a tail? They sowed death and destruction. Quite comforting that they don’t exist.

Or should we say: did not yet exist? Because human-animal combinations are among us again, and this time not as creations of mythological imagination, but as products of contemporary biotechnology, such as cybrids and chimeras. Think of mice with sizable pieces of genetic code that originated from the human genome, used in cancer and pharmaceutical research, or pigs with a human heart, that are grown for medical applications.

Such biotechnological creations evoke a lot of discussions and resistance in public debates. This resistance is partly based on rational arguments, such as health risks, but often strong emotions, like feelings of disgust, play a major role as well. Why would that be the case? All things considered, contemporary biological insights inform us that human beings, like all species, actually are already polygenomic organisms, and for that reason, fundamental biological concepts such as ‘individual’ and ‘species’ deserve considerable nuance. On closer inspection, the mythological human-animal combinations appear to contain more truth on this point than nineteenth-century biology, which was strongly driven by a separative cosmology, which still haunts common sense conceptions of life today.

In his lecture De Mul will discuss recent developments in postgenomic molecular biology from the perspective of the interconnective cosmology of Greek mythology. Not in order to claim the ‘eternal truth’ of this ancient cosmology, but to show that it contains insights that help us to better understand contemporary postgenomic biology and philosophical anthropology and to situate them in a broader world-historical context.  

Full text of lecture

Jos de Mul. The Total Turing Test. Robotics from Japanese and European perspectives [Translation of the Japanese original: ジョス・デ・ムル . 総合的チューリング・テスト ─日本的観点およびヨーロッパ的観点からロボティクスを考える─  Ritsumeikan Studies in Language and Culture. Vol.31 (2020), Vol.32, no.2, 95-107.]

It’s a great honor and pleasure to be here again at the Graduate School of Sociology of Ritsumeikan University. I have wonderful memories of my 2016 stay in Kyoto as a guest professor.[1] It was a privilege to work with my Japanese colleagues – especially Yuko Nakama, with whom I have collaborated in the past decade in different projects about landscape and space – and to discuss with the students who attended my course at Ritsumeikan, on the relevance of Greek tragedy for understanding the human condition in our present, high-technological world. During my stay in 2016 I also spent quite some time researching android robotics in the Kansai region. Especially interesting were the visits to the Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories in the Advanced  Telecommunications  Research Institute International (ATR) in Kansai Science City.

Although the subjects mentioned – landscape, tragedy, and robotics – seem to be quite diverse, my research in these fields share a comparative approach, bringing in dialogue Eastern and Western, more particularly Japanese and European perspectives in these three domains. In each of these domains we find striking similarities as well as fundamental differences. In my lecture today I hope to demonstrate  this, taking the so-called Turing Test as starting point for a reflection on the similarities and differences of Asian and Western perspectives on and attitudes towards robotics.

In the first part I will analyze three recent Western science fiction movies in which the Turing test plays a prominent role. Although all three movies are fiction films, they reveal some important characteristics of the Western view on robotics. In the second part I will contrast the Western approach with the way the Turing Test is approached in Japanese robotics, more particular in social android robotics. Hiroshi Ishigiro’s ERICA (ERato Intelligent Conversational Android) will be my main example. In the third and final part I will I will argue that, in the final analysis, the difference in approaches in Western and Eastern robotics is closely connected with different religious worldviews, which even in a secularized world still inform robotics and AI research at a fundamental level.

Jos de Mul. From mythology to technology and back. Human‐animal combinations in the era of digital recombinability. In: Bruno Accarino, Jos de Mul und Hans-Peter Krüger (Hrsg.). Internationales Jahrbuch für Philosophische Anthropologie. Band 10 (2020)/ International Yearbook for Philosophical Anthropology. Volume 10 (2020) Katharina Block &Julien Kloeg (Eds.). Ecology 2.0 - The Contribution of Philosophical Anthropology to Mapping the Ecological Crisis.  Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021, 79-97.

Who does not know the wonderful human-animal combinations in Greek mythology?[1] The Centaur, the creature with the upper body of a human and the lower body and legs of a horse; Medusa, the woman with eyes of stone, from whose head snakes grow instead of hair; Chimaera, the monster with the head of a lion, the body of a goat and a snake for a tail? They sowed death and destruction. Quite comforting that they don’t exist.

Or should we say: did not yet exist? Because human-animal combinations are among us again, and this time not as creations of mythological imagination, but as products of contemporary biotechnology, such as cybrids and chimeras. Think of mice with sizable pieces of genetic code that originated from the human genome, used in cancer and pharmaceutical research, or pigs with a human heart, that are grown for medical applications.

Such biotechnological creations evoke a lot of resistance in public debates. This resistance is partly based on rational arguments, such as health risks, but often strong emotions, like feelings of disgust, play a major role as well. Why would that be the case? All things considered, contemporary biological insights inform us that human beings, like all species, actually are already polygenomic organisms, and for that reason, fundamental biological concepts such as ‘individual’ and ‘species’ deserve considerable nuance. On closer inspection, the mythological human-animal combinations appear to contain more truth on this point than nineteenth-century biology, which was strongly driven by a separative cosmology, which still haunts common sense conceptions of life today.

In this essay I will discuss recent developments in postgenomic molecular biology from the perspective of the interconnective cosmology of Greek mythology. Not in order to claim the ‘eternal truth’ of this ancient cosmology, but to show that it contains insights that help us to better understand contemporary postgenomic biology and philosophical anthropology and to situate them in a broader world-historical context.  

Bruno Accarino, Jos de Mul und Hans-Peter Krüger (Hrsg.). Internationales Jahrbuch für Philosophische Anthropologie. Band 10 (2020)/ International Yearbook for Philosophical Anthropology. Volume 10 (2020) Katharina Block &Julien Kloeg (Eds.). Ecology 2.0 - The Contribution of Philosophical Anthropology to Mapping the Ecological Crisis.  Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021, 318 p.

Philosophical anthropology reflects on the human condition, which is put into urgent question by today’s ecological crisis. An Ecology 2.0 has developed to meet this challenge. In this volume, contributing authors probe both theoretical approaches to ecology and the tradition of philosophical anthropology itself. The tradition bears fruit and stands to be extended beyond its usual textual bases, mirroring the sense in which questions of human existence as such take on an intensified role.

Ádi Brigitta.  "A felhasználó egy személy, nem csak pénzkereseti forrás" Interjú Jos de Mul. Media Design Online. November 25, 2021. (https://designisso.com/2021/11/25/jos-de-mul-interju/)

„A felhasználó egy személy, nem csak pénzkereseti forrás”

Az okos technológiák, mint például a telefon vagy akár a számítógép, mindennapi életünk szerves részét képezik, és ezáltal hasznos és kevésbé hasznos applikációk vesznek minket körül, melyekkel különösebb felülvizsgálat nélkül, szinte természetesen élünk együtt. Ezek az applikációk gyakran játékossá teszik számunkra a reggeli tornát, a tanulást vagy épp a vásárlást. Jos de Mul holland filozófussal, antropológussal, sokoldalú gondolkodóval a Játékos Identitások – Digitális kultúra ludifikációja című könyv kapcsán beszélgettünk, amely Johann Huizinga holland kultúrtörténész Homo Ludens (Játszó Ember) elméletéből indul ki.  Huizinga szerint a játék olyan tevékenység, amely bizonyos időbeli és térbeli keretek között, követhető rendben, az általunk elfogadott szabályok mentén, gazdasági és más érdekek nélkül történik. Jos de Mul és kutatótársai szerint napjainkban a játék jellemzői hasonlatosak az új technológiák jellemzőihez; az applikációk például játékos mechanizmusokat (érmegyűjtés, felhasználók közötti verseny, stb.) építenek be, és ez hatással van a munkavégzésre, a gazdaságra, a kultúrateremtésre egyaránt.

 Mariska van Sprundel, ‘Databases manipuleren onze identiteit’ - Interview met filosoof Jos de Mul. Nemo Kennislink, 8 november 2021.

Worden wie wij zijn en wat we interessant vinden straks door algoritmes gestuurd? Een gesprek met filosoof Jos de Mul over waar het met de mens naartoe gaat als de wereld verandert in een database.

Op donderdag 18 november houdt filosoof Jos de Mul een lezing in De Studio van NEMO, met als titel ‘Help, ik ben een database!’ Hij zal vertellen over de consequenties van het feit dat ons hele leven in digitale stukjes opgeslagen ligt in databases.

Toen in de zeventiende eeuw de moderne natuurwetenschap opkwam, ontwikkelden we de stoommachine. Plots ging de geneeskunde het lichaam op mechanische wijze zien: ons hart is een pomp, die kapot kan en vervangen kan worden. Destijds was het een radicaal nieuwe manier van naar onszelf kijken. Tegenwoordig is de computermetafoor populair. We zien het brein als harddisk waar informatie ligt opgeslagen of als processor die berekeningen uitvoert.

We hebben altijd technologie gebruikt om onszelf uit te drukken, volgens Jos de Mul, hoogleraar wijsgerige antropologie aan de Erasmus Universiteit in Rotterdam. Hij onderzoekt wat de impact is van technologieën op ons zelfbegrip, met nu als focus databases en slimme algoritmes. Je medische gegevens, wie je vrienden zijn, welke spullen je koopt, je vakantiebestemmingen; het ligt allemaal in digitale stukjes opgeslagen in databases. Algoritmes wroeten in die berg data van jou en je medemens, op zoek naar patronen en nieuwe kennis.

In een cultuur waarin de computer het belangrijkste instrument is, wordt de gehele wereld getransformeerd tot een database, zoals De Mul schrijft in zijn nieuwste boek Database Delirium. Of we ons zorgen moeten maken? “Laten we eerst proberen te begrijpen wat er gebeurt, dan kunnen we daarna de gevaarlijke en prettige kanten bekijken.”

Jos de Mul. (Cyber)Space Odysee. Inleiding tot Kubriks meesterwerk. Lezing georganiseerd door de Wijsgerige Faculteitsvereniging ERA. Wenneker Cinema Schiedam, 23 november 2021.

Stanley Kubricks film 2001: A Space Odyssey wordt terecht beschouwd als een van de hoogtepunten uit de geschiedenis van de sciencefiction. De uit 1968 stammende film wordt niet alleen geroemd vanwege zijn grote artistieke kwaliteiten en zijn nog altijd verbazingwekkende (analoge) special effects, maar vooral ook vanwege de ideeënrijkdom die er uit spreekt. Wanneer we vanuit 2021 terugblikken op de film, realiseren we ons dat de film niet alleen gaat over een odyssee door de ruimte., maar evenzeer om een odyssee door cyberspace!

01010011 01110000 01110010 01100101 01100101 01101011 00101100 00100000 01011010 01100001 01101110 01100111 01110011 01110100 01100101 01110010 00100001 00100000 01110110 01100001 01101110 00100000 01100100 01100101 01101110 00100000  "Kijk David, ik begrijp dat dit je overstuur heeft gemaakt. Ik denk eerlijk dat je even rustig moet gaan zitten, een stresspil moet nemen, en de zaak nog eens goed moet overdenken." HAL

Jos de Mul. Cyber Homo Ludens. Contribution to the Panel Discussion of the conference Videogames and High Culture. Bari . December 17, 2021.

Jos de Mul. Is life a simulation? Lecture Studium Generale Erasmus University. Rotterdam: Campus Woudenstein, Erasmus Paviljoen, February 2, 2022, 15:30-17:00. (De opname van de lezing is te zien op YouTube)

“You take the blue pill...the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill...you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes.”

Is life merely a simulation? When the Matrix released in 1999, the movie dealing with this question became a global phenomenon. And while the story of robots controlling our very reality might have seemed a silly science fiction premise then, the idea of life being a mere simulation kept philosopher Descartes up for nights back in the 1600’s. What other philosophical ideas are there to be found in The Matrix?

On December 22, The Matrix Resurrections premiered in the US, more than 15 years after the original trilogy ended. The series was known for the many philosophical ideas it brought to the big screen. From Plato’s famous allegory of the cave, to Descartes’ ideas of a ‘deceiving demon’. The directors of the movie even made all actors read philosophical works before the movie started filming. In this lecture, professor of philosophy Jos de Mul will look back at the old trilogy, he will interpret the new movie (which was released on January 26 in The netherlands), and he will tell us what we can learn philosophically from these films. Moreover, he will go into detail on the influence the movie has had on society. Think, for example, of the controversial ‘Red Pill’ movement that developed over the past decade. He will use excerpts from the films to analyze the movies to the greatest detail. Are you prepared to swallow the Purple Pill?